Motional emf

Source of  Organic compounds

•        coal

  It  is believed that coal in nature was formed from the remains of the trees buried inside the earth crust some 500 millions years ago.Due to the bacterial and chemical reactions on wood it got converted int peat.Then,as a result of high temperature and high pressure inside the earth crust,peat got transformed onto coal.
                               Coal is an important solid fuel and becomes a source of organic compounds which subjected to canonization or destructive distillation.When coal is heated in the absence of air (temperature ranging form 500-1000);it is converted into coke,coal gas and coal tar.Coal tar contains a lager number of organic compounds,which separate out on fractional distillation.
  The total coal resources of Pakistan are estimated by the geological survey of besides,some quantity is used for domestic purposes.
                         Conscious efforts are being made by the government to induct coal into industry by setting up coal based power units.The sind coal Authority and the directorates of Mineral Developments of the Punjab,Baluchistan and NWFP are all keen to expand coal utilization in power generation for which many incentives have been made available.
  
  

  •  Natural Gas 

                   Natural gas in an important means of energy especially for countries like Pakistan,Which are deficient in the production of mineral oil and coal.
            It is a mixture of low boiling hydrocarbons.Major Portion of the natural gas is methane.It is also formed by the decomposition of organic matter.In Pakistan the gas,being cheaper,is used for power generation,in cement and fertilizer industries;as a fuel in general industries and for domestic purposes.
    

    • Petroleum

      Mineral oil is called petroleum when it is in the refined form.It is thought to have been formed by slow chemical and biochemical decomposition of the remains of organic matters found between the sedimentary rocks.When extracted from it appears like a liquid of blackish colour know as CRUDE OIL.
      It is refined to get different petroleum fractions.
      At present four oil refineries are in operation in our country.One oil refinery Know as Attock Oil Refinery is located at Morgah near Rawalpindi.It has about 1.25 million tpmmes oi; refining capacity.Similarly two oil refineries have been established at Karachi Which have about 2013 millions tonnes of oil refining capacity.Another refinery Know as PAK-Arab refinery is located at Mahmud KOT near Multan.